Soccer Heading Exposure-Dependent Microstructural Injury at Depths of Sulci in Adult Amateur Players
Background and objectives: Repetitive head impacts (RHIs) in sports are associated with adverse clinical and neuropathologic outcomes, but there is limited evidence from in vivo human imaging studies to inform risk assessment, exposure standards, and interventions. […]
Associations of Apolipoprotein E ε4 Genotype and Ball Heading With Verbal Memory in Amateur Soccer Players
Importance: Emerging evidence suggests that long-term exposure to ball heading in soccer, the most popular sport in the world, confers risk for adverse cognitive outcomes. However, the extent to which the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) […]
Recent and Long-Term Soccer Heading Exposure Is Differentially Associated With Neuropsychological Function in Amateur Players
Objectives: The present study examined the relative contribution of recent or long-term heading to neuropsychological function in amateur adult soccer players. Participants and Methods: Soccer players completed a baseline questionnaire (HeadCount-12m) to ascertain heading during the […]
