“Indoor or Outdoor”

The Behavioral Pattern Separation Object Test measures recognition memory using photos of objects. The participant is presented with a series of photos of common objects and must decide whether each object is used indoors or outdoors. The participant is then presented with a photo of an object and must recall whether the object is the same, similar or different to the photos they have already been shown.

Cognitive Domain:
Memory

Administration Time:
4 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
BPSO Metric, which is the probability of a “Similar” response to a “Distractor” minus the probability of a “Similar” response to a “Foil”.

“In what locations do these pictures belong?”

The Continuous Paired Associate Learning Test measures visual memory using a paired associative learning paradigm. In this test, the participant must learn and remember the pictures hidden beneath different locations on the screen. In the first stage of the test the pre-test on-screen instructions ask: “In what locations do these pictures belong”. A picture is presented in the centre of the screen. The participant taps the peripheral location of the picture and must remember its location. During the second stage of the test the same pictures are presented in the centre of the screen, however the peripheral location of each picture is hidden. The participant must tap on the peripheral location where the picture previously appeared.

The Continuous Paired Associate Learning Test is also available in a “Delayed Recall” version, which measures memory.

Cognitive Domain:
Paired Associate Learning

Administration Time:
7 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Total number of errors across the seven rounds in the test.

“Has the card turned over?”

The Detection Test measures processing speed using a simple reaction time paradigm. The on-screen instructions ask: “Has the card turned over?”. A playing card is presented face down in the center of the screen. The card flips over so it is face up. As soon as the card flips over the participant must press “Yes”. The participant is encouraged to work as quickly as they can and be as accurate as possible.

Cognitive Domain:
Psychomotor Function

Administration Time:
3 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Speed of performance (mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses).

“Can you remember the Face-Name pair?”

The Face Name Associative Memory Exam measures associative memory using photos of real-life faces. The participant is presented with a series of facial photos and names, with each face paired with a name. The participant must remember the face-name pair.

Cognitive Domain:
Memory

Administration Time:
4 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Total number of correct responses made during each individual sub-test.

“Tap the circle as quickly as you can”

The Finger Tapping Test is a test of upper limb motor function that provides a measure of the speed at which a subject can repeatedly tap a target on the screen for a predefined time period. The test is designed to be administered on a touchscreen device. The subject is asked to use their index finger to tap a stationary target presented on screen as many times as they can until each round ends, with each round alternating between using the right hand and left hand. Performance is measured by calculating the total number of taps on the target during each round. Outcomes are computed for each individual round, rounds for each hand, and all rounds combined.

Domain:
Upper Limb Motor Function

Administration Time:
2 Minutes

Outcome Measures:
Performance is measured by calculating the total number of taps on the target during each round.

“Find the hidden pathway”

The Groton Maze Learning Test measures executive function using a maze learning paradigm. A 10 x 10 grid of tiles is presented to the participant on the screen. A 28-step pathway is hidden among these tiles. A blue tile indicates the start and a tile with red circles indicates the finish. The participant must move one step at a time from the start toward the end by touching a tile next to their current location. If the correct move is made a green checkmark appears and if the move is incorrect a red cross is revealed. Once completed, they are returned to the start location to repeat the test and must try to remember the pathway they have just completed.

The Groton Maze Learning Test is also available in a “Delayed Recall” version, which measures visual memory and a “Delayed Reverse Recall” version, which measures spatial working memory.

Cognitive Domain:
Executive Function

Administration Time:
7 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Total number of errors made in attempting to learn the same hidden pathway on five consecutive trials during a single session.

“Is the card red?”

The Identification Test measures attention using a choice reaction time paradigm. The on-screen instructions ask: “Is the card red?”. A playing card is presented face down in the center of the screen. The card flips over so it is face up. As soon as it flips over the participant must decide whether the card is red or not. If it is red the participant should press “Yes”, and if it is not red the participant should press “No”. The participant is encouraged to work as quickly as they can and be as accurate as possible.

Cognitive Domain:
Attention

Administration Time:
3 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Speed of performance (mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses).

“Select the matching medicine for the date”

The International Daily Symbol Substitution Test – Medicines is a continuous performance test and a well-validated measure of processing speed. In this test, a key is provided at the top of the screen pairing nine medicines with a date (FEB 1, FEB 2, FEB 3, FEB 4, FEB 5, FEB 6, FEB 7, FEB 8 and FEB 9). Each medicine has a unique shape and color and corresponds to a different date (e.g., a round red tablet may be allocated to FEB 3). In the middle of the screen, an empty pill box labelled with a date is presented and the subject is asked to select the medicine that corresponds to that date, as per the key at the top of the screen (e.g., if FEB 3 is the label on the empty box in the middle of the screen, the subject should select the red tablet). The four previous and four upcoming trials are also displayed either side of the current trial. The software records each selection as a correct or incorrect response, and once a response is made it cannot be changed. The medicines are randomly selected from a repository of 100 stimuli, therefore multiple administrations with new date/medicine pairs are possible.

The International Daily Symbol Substitution Test – Medicines is also available in a “Delayed Recall” version, which measures memory.

Cognitive Domain:
Processing Speed

Administration Time:
3 Minutes

Outcome Measures:
Total number of correct responses in matching the medicines with the appropriate dates.

“Select the matching symbol for the number”

The International Digit Symbol Substitution Test – Symbols is a processing speed test that is based on the well-established digit symbol coding paradigm. In this test, subjects are presented with a legend that defines nine symbols, with each symbol corresponding to a digit from 1 to 9. The subject is then presented with a conveyer belt in the middle of the screen that displays a series of empty boxes labelled with a number. The subject must select the symbol that corresponds to the number of a given highlighted box from symbol options presented at the bottom of the screen. The subject must try to place as many correct symbols in the boxes as possible over the duration of the test.

The Digit Symbol Substitution Test – Symbols is also available in a “Delayed Recall” version, which measures memory.

Cognitive Domain:
Processing Speed

Administration Time:
3 Minutes

Outcome Measures:
Total number of correct responses in matching the symbols with the appropriate digits.

“Tell me as many of the items on the shopping list as you can remember?”

The International Shopping List Test measures verbal learning using a word list learning paradigm. The participant is read a shopping list and must remember and recall as many items from the list as possible.

The International Shopping List Test is also available in a “Delayed Recall” version, which measures verbal memory and a “Recognition” version, which measures memory.

For the International Shopping List Test, the tablet is held by the test administrator and the screen is not visible to the test participant.

Cognitive Domain:
Verbal Learning

Administration Time:
5 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Total number of correct responses made in remembering the list on three consecutive trials at a single session.

“Is the previous card the same?”

The One Back Test measures working memory using an n-back paradigm. The on-screen instructions ask: “Is the previous card the same?”. A playing card is presented face up in the center of the screen. The participant must decide whether the card is the same as the previous card. If the card is the same the participant should press “Yes”, and if it is not the same the participant should press “No”. The participant is encouraged to work as quickly as they can and be as accurate as possible.

Cognitive Domain:
Working Memory

Administration Time:
4 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Speed of performance (mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses); Accuracy of performance (arcsine transformation of the square root of the proportion of correct responses).

“Have you seen this card before?”

The One Card Learning Test measures visual memory using a pattern separation paradigm. The on-screen instructions ask: “Have you seen this card before in this test?”. A playing card is presented face up in the center of the screen and the participant must decide whether they have seen the card before in this test. The participant is encouraged to work as quickly as they can and be as accurate as possible.

Cognitive Domain:
Visual Learning

Administration Time:
6 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Accuracy of performance (arcsine transformation of the square root of the proportion of correct responses).

“Has the yellow counter appeared?” 

The purpose of the traditional Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), a widely used measure of sustained or vigilant attention, is to provide a numerical measure of sleepiness by counting the number of lapses in the attention of the tested subject associated with fatigue caused by both sleep loss or time on task. The Cogstate digital version of the PVT is modeled off the traditional 10-minute version and requires the subject to press a button as soon as they see a yellow timer (the stimuli) appear within a red rectangle.

Cognitive Domain:
Sustained or Vigilant Attention

Administration Time:
10 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Total Lapses, Response Speed

“Tap the odd one out”

The Social-Emotional Cognition Test measures emotional recognition using an odd-man out paradigm. The on-screen instructions ask: “Tap the odd one out”. Four pictures are presented on the screen. One of these pictures will be different to the others and the participant must decide which picture is different and tap that picture. The participant is encouraged to work as quickly as they can and be as accurate as possible.

Cognitive Domain:
Emotional Recognition

Administration Time:
6 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Accuracy of performance (arcsine transformation of the square root of the proportion of correct responses).

“Has the grey square appeared on the screen?”

The Sustained Attention Test is a measure of sustained attention that uses a signal detection paradigm. The subject indicates whether a small grey square has been presented on screen. The subject responds by pressing the Yes key when the grey square has been presented and No when it is not presented. A distractor condition (dSAT) is present in certain rounds, where the screen background flashes at a rapid rate and thereby makes it more difficult to determine whether the grey square has been presented.

Cognitive Domain:
Sustained Attention

Administration Time:
11 Minutes

Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome measure on this test is the SAT Score. This is a custom outcome that provides a measure of performance accuracy across both signal and non-signal trials.

“Respond to all numbers except 3”

The Sustained Attention to Response Test provides a measure of vigilance and sustained attention. A number ranging from 1 to 9 is presented on screen. The subject must make a response as soon as the number is presented, except when the number is a 3. The number 3 is the default number (no-go stimulus) for which a response should be inhibited, and the subject should not press the predetermined button. The no-go stimulus can be configured to be a number other than 3. Performance is measured by calculating the number of errors made during the test over the course of 225 trials. Performance is measured by calculating the error score, which is the sum of trials where a response was provided when a 3 was presented and trials where no response was provided when a number other than 3 was presented.

Cognitive Domain:
Sustained Attention

Administration Time:
5 minutes 30 seconds

Outcome Measures:
Legal errors

“Is the card the same as that shown two cards ago?”

The Two Back Test measures working memory using an n-back paradigm. The on-screen instructions ask: “Is the card the same as that shown two cards ago?”. A playing card is presented face up in the center of the screen. The participant must decide whether the card is the same as the card shown two cards previously. If the card is the same the participant should press “Yes”, and if it is not the same the participant should press “No”. The participant is encouraged to work as quickly as they can and be as accurate as possible.

Cognitive Domain:
Working Memory

Administration Time:
4 Minutes (for healthy participants)

Outcome Measures:
Accuracy of performance (arcsine transformation of the square root of the proportion of correct responses).